Why in food?
Reasons to fortify food
In industrialised countries where processed foods are widely consumed, food fortification may be used for several reasons. For example:
Omega-3 fortified foods compensate specific nutritional deficiencies.
- to correct or prevent specific
nutritional deficiencies in- the population at large
- groups at risk of certain deficiencies (e.g. the elderly, vegetarians and pregnant women)
- to restore nutrients lost during food processing
- to add nutrients that may not be present naturally in food (e.g. adding omega 3 to dairy, bakery, sweet and beverage products).
Depending on the reason for adding nutrients, the aim may be:
- to maintain the nutritional quality of foods, keeping nutrient levels adequate
- to increase the added nutritional value of a product (commercial view)
- to create a new product (marketing, commercial view).
Maintain a healthy, balanced diet
Modern consumers often find it difficult to plan meals that include all of the essential vitamins and minerals that they need. Fortified foods enable them to balance their diets in a 'natural' way, whereas supplements are often thought of as a 'medicine'.
In addition, people are familiar with the concept of fortification and are comfortable with buying fortified yoghurt, juice, bread and even chocolate.
Other benefits of fortified foods include:
- a cost that remains relatively close to that of unfortified foods
- no need to modify dietary patterns
- no change in the food’s taste, colour, smell or appearance.
Support groups at risk of deficiency
Infants and young children are one of the groups at risk of dietary deficiencies. They need a high level of nutrients, but their food choices are limited and the amount they consume is relatively low.
Globally, one of the best strategies to eliminate or reduce malnutrition is through food fortification. The aim would be to increase the level of added nutrients consumed, resulting in the target population’s improved nutritional status.
Food fortification is a cost-efficient, sustainable solution compared to more expensive medicinal supplements.
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