Types of omega-3

Omega-3 essential fatty acids belong to a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids. This means that they have two or more double bonds in the carbon chain. They can be either 'short-chain' or 'long-chain' fatty acids.

ALA, EPA and DHA

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a short-chain fatty acid typically found in plant-based sources and sometimes known as the 'parent' omega-3 fatty acid.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the long-chain derivatives of ALA. These fatty acids can be obtained from some animals, with a rich source being oily fish.

Which type do we need?

EPA and DHA are considered more valuable than ALA because these are the forms the human body needs. However, whilst it can convert ALA into DHA and EPA, the process is very inefficient.

Scientists have therefore concluded that DHA and EPA should be obtained directly from the diet – either via food (natural or fortified) or by taking supplements – to make sure the body receives its recommended dietary intake.